Intraorbital ganglioglioma of optic nerve in a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1.

We report the case of an orbital optic nerve gangliogoma in a 55-year-old woman with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Clinical course neuroimaging findings, pathology, and treatment options of gangliogloma are discussed and contrasted with pilocytic astrocytomas of the optic nerve, a much more frequent visual pathway neoplasm in NF1 patients.

Tolosa-Hunt syndrome--diagnostic problem of painful ophthalmoplegia.

Background: Tolosa-Hunt syndrome (THS) is an uncommon disease caused by non-specific inflammation of the cavernous sinus, superior orbital fissure and the apex of the orbit. The disease is characterized by periorbital pain, paresis of the bulbomotor and quick response to steroid treatment. The orbital process may lead to optic nerve atrophy.

Transvenous embolization of dural carotid cavernous fistula through the facial and ophthalmic vein.

Introduction: Dural carotid cavernous fistula is acquired, relatively rare, condition comprising of numerous small-caliber meningeal arterial branches, draining directly into cavernous sinus. Endovascular therapy is the treatment of choice, preferably by a transvenous approach. In the case of inaccessible inferior petrosal sinus, other alternative routes are considered.

[Primitive trigeminal artery associated (corrected) with arteriovenous malformation of cerebellum].

Introduction: Persistence of fetal cerebral carotid basilar anastomoses is rare. When it occurs, it is often associated with other vascular malformations, and other pathological conditions. Trigeminal primitive artery persistence is the most often among them.

Multiple cavernous hemangiomas of the orbit: separate occurrence within a 24-year period.

Background: Cavernous hemangioma is a frequent and the most common, primary, benign tumor of the orbit in adults. It is typically single and unilateral, considered not to recur after having been completely excised. Multiple orbital cavernous hemangiomas without signs of hemangiomatosis are rare.