Effects of starch sources varying in particle sizes on ruminal fermentation, nutrient flow, starch digestibility, and lactation performance of dairy cows.

Cereal grains are the predominant starch source (SS) for dairy cows; however, starch digestibility varies greatly depending on source, grain processing, and potentially interactions between these factors. The objective was to study the effects of the interactions between SS, and particle sizes (PS) on ruminal fermentation, nutrient flow, starch digestibility, and lactation performance of dairy cows. Four ruminally cannulated multiparous Holstein cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments.

Sustainable Feeds for Animal Nutrition in Tropical Areas.

Developing efficient feeds and sustainable feeding systems is required to meet the increasing demand for livestock and livestock products [...

The diurnal patterns of ruminal enzymatic activity and in vitro digestibility of starch, neutral detergent fiber, and protein.

The objective of this study was to determine whether diurnal patterns in starch, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and protein digestibilities and amylolytic, fibrolytic, and proteolytic activities exist in dairy cows. Rumen fluid was collected from 4 ruminally cannulated Holstein dairy cows before the morning feeding and subsequently every 4 h for a 24-h period. Two of the cows were restricted from feed for 8 h overnight, and the other 2 continued to receive their feed ad libitum, to isolate and quantify the effects of changes in feeding behavior at night.

Review on the status of goat production, marketing, challenges and opportunities in Namibia.

This paper presents the current status of goat production and marketing in Namibia and its challenges and opportunities. Livestock data and reports from the Directorate of Veterinary Services, Meat Board of Namibia and Namibia Statistics Agency were analysed to establish the current status in goat production and marketing. Namibia has 1.