Whole-Body MRI in Children: Concepts and Controversies- Expert Panel Narrative Review.

The use of whole-body MRI (WBMRI) in children, from infancy to adolescence, has expanded rapidly over the past decade, with increasing uptake and a broadening range of clinical indications. Current indications include screening for presymptomatic lesions in cancer predisposition syndromes; tumor staging in known malignancies; investigating fevers of unknown origin; as well as diagnosing and monitoring rheumatologic diseases, vascular anomalies and neuromuscular disorders. This AJR Expert Panel Narrative Review aims to offer a comprehensive discussion of WBMRI in pediatric patients, exploring protocols and other technical considerations, clinical indications, implementation challenges and troubleshooting, as well as controversies in widespread adoption, while considering emerging trends and directions.

Computational modelling of cardiac control following myocardial infarction using an in silico patient cohort.

Loss of cardiac physiological function following myocardial infarction (MI) is accompanied by neural adaptations in the baroreflex that are compensatory in the short term, but then become associated with long-term disease progression. One marker of these adaptations is decreased baroreflex sensitivity, a strong predictor of post-MI mortality. The relative contributions of cardiac remodelling and neural adaptation in the sensory, central brainstem and peripheral ganglionic loci to baroreflex sensitivity changes remain underexplored.

The Open Hand Initiative: Facilitating the Use of Real-World Evidence in Regulatory Submissions Through Collaboration and Transparency.

Real-world data (RWD) collected to generate real-world evidence (RWE) holds promise for expediting patient and healthcare provider access to new in vitro diagnostics (IVDs) by serving as evidence to demonstrate test performance or utility. However, uncertainties remain for IVD developers (device manufacturers), regulators, and other healthcare stakeholders on the specifics of collecting fit-for-purpose RWD and using RWE for regulatory decision-making. We report on a unique approach to medical device regulatory review called the Open Hand Initiative, by which the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and device manufacturers collaborate to ensure the appropriate use of RWD/RWE to support regulatory decision-making.

Practical strategies to improve MRI operations and workflow in pediatric radiology.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an essential tool in pediatric imaging. It offers detailed, high-contrast images without ionizing radiation, making it particularly suitable for children. Creating an efficient MRI service is challenging given the balancing priorities of image quality and scan time and the overlying logistical challenges, including MRI safety protocols, the need for sedation in certain patient populations, and flexibility to accommodate patients at different phases of care.

Sex-specific mechanisms of cerebral microvascular BK dysfunction in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Cerebrovascular dysfunction occurs in Alzheimer's disease (AD), impairing hemodynamic regulation. Large conductance Ca-activated K channels (BK) regulate cerebrovascular reactivity and are impaired in AD. BK activity depends on intracellular Ca (Ca sparks) and nitro-oxidative post-translational modifications.