Characteristics, outcome, duration of hospitalization, and cycle threshold of patients with COVID-19 referred to four hospitals in Babol City: a multicenter retrospective observational study on the fourth, fifth, and sixth waves.

Background: The aim of the present study was to compare the epidemiological patterns of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infections, hospitalizations, deaths, and duration of hospitalization during the fourth, fifth and sixth epidemic waves of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Iran.

Methods: A multicenter retrospective observational study was conducted on hospitalized patients in four hospitals in the Babol district of northern Iran. The study periods were during the fourth, fifth, and sixth waves of the epidemic in Iran, (March 2021 to March 2022).

Formation of the head organizer in hydra involves the canonical Wnt pathway.

Stabilization of beta-catenin by inhibiting the activity of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta has been shown to initiate axis formation or axial patterning processes in many bilaterians. In hydra, the head organizer is located in the hypostome, the apical portion of the head. Treatment of hydra with alsterpaullone, a specific inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta, results in the body column acquiring characteristics of the head organizer, as measured by transplantation experiments, and by the expression of genes associated with the head organizer.

HyBMP5-8b, a BMP5-8 orthologue, acts during axial patterning and tentacle formation in hydra.

Developmental gradients play a central role in axial patterning in hydra. As part of the effort towards elucidating the molecular basis of these gradients as well as investigating the evolution of the mechanisms underlying axial patterning, genes encoding signaling molecules are under investigation. We report the isolation and characterization of HyBMP5-8b, a BMP5-8 orthologue, from hydra.

Characterization of the head organizer in hydra.

A central process in the maintenance of axial patterning in the adult hydra is the head activation gradient, i.e. the potential to form a secondary axis, which is maximal in the head and is graded down the body column.

Polyamine regulation of ornithine decarboxylase synthesis in Neurospora crassa.

Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) of the fungus Neurospora crassa, encoded by the spe-1 gene, catalyzes an initial and rate-limiting step in polyamine biosynthesis and is highly regulated by polyamines. In N. crassa, polyamines repress the synthesis and increase the degradation of ODC protein.