Tyrosinase inhibition studies of cycloartane and cucurbitane glycosides and their structure-activity relationships.

In the present paper, tyrosinase inhibition studies and structure-activity relationship of eight cycloartane glycosides and one cucurbitane glycoside and its genin, which were isolated from Astragalus (Leguminoseae) and Bryonia (Cucurbitaceae) plants, have been discussed. The activities are compared with two reference tyrosinase inhibitors, kojic acid and l-mimosine. These studies and the SAR showed that the askendoside B which exhibited highly potent (IC50 =13.

[Method for gastric resection with end-to-end gastroduodenal anastomosis].

The authors suggest a method of stomach resection in which the gastroduodenal anastomosis is created by applying sutures to the layers after separating the sheaths of the organs into layers. The inner sheaths (muco-submucous) of the organs are butt joined after their excision almost at the base, while the outer sheaths (seromuscular) are sutured with rarely placed crimping sutures. The rare placing of the sutures and moderately tight tying of the ligatures prevent impairment of tissue nutrition, whereas crimping of the outer sheath provides wide contact of the serosa.