Violaceoid F induces nuclear translocation of FOXO3a by inhibiting CRM1 via a novel mechanism and suppresses HeLa cell growth.

FOXO3a is a transcription factor involved in cell growth inhibition and apoptosis. FOXO3a is localized in the cytoplasm in cancer cells, and its nuclear translocation by small molecules is expected to prevent cancer cell growth. In this study, we screened a fungal broth library in HeLa cells using fluorescently labeled FOXO3a and an AI-based imaging system.

Inhibitory Effects of Cryptotanshinone and Dihydrotanshinone I on Intracellular Trafficking of Viral Glycoproteins.

Antiviral agents that target the viral envelope surface glycoproteins can disrupt the interactions between the viral glycoproteins and host cell receptors, thereby preventing viral entry into host cells. However, the mechanisms underlying glycoprotein processing and cellular trafficking have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we aimed to investigate the mechanism of action of cryptotanshinone (CTN) and dihydrotanshinone I (DTN) as inhibitors of viral glycoprotein trafficking, by assessing their inhibitory action on syncytium formation and cytopathic effects.

Interferon-Dependent Expression of the Human STAT1 Gene Requires a Distal Regulatory Region Located Approximately 6 kb Upstream for Its Autoregulatory System.

We previously suggested that the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) gene is autoregulated in an interferon (IFN)-dependent manner via a distal regulatory region approximately 5.5-6.2 kb upstream of the murine and human STAT1 promoters (designated 5.

NF-κB p105-mediated nuclear translocation of ERK is required for full activation of IFNγ-induced iNOS expression.

Inducible nitric oxidase (iNOS) encoded by Nos2 is a representative IFNγ-inducible effector molecule that plays an important role in both innate and adaptive immunity. In the present study, we demonstrated that full-length NF-κB p105 (p105), which is a precursor of NF-κB p50 (p50), is required for full activation of IFNγ-induced iNOS expression in the RAW264.7 mouse macrophage cell line.

Glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor family-related protein functions as a costimulatory molecule for murine eosinophils.

Eosinophils are typical effector cells associated with type 2 immune responses and play key roles in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. These cells are activated by various stimuli, such as cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, but the regulatory mechanisms of eosinophil effector functions remain unclear. Glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor family-related protein (GITR), a transmembrane protein belonging to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily, is a well-known regulatory molecule for T cell activation.