Systematic Review of Upper Extremity Outcome Measures Assessed in Randomized Controlled Trials of Poststroke Upper Extremity Rehabilitation in Low-to-Middle-Income and High-Income Countries.

Objective: To systematically review randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of poststroke upper extremity (UE) motor rehabilitation interventions to identify the outcome measures used in studies in low-to-middle-income countries (LMICs) and high-income countries (HICs) and describe the differences in the context of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health.

Data Sources: Five databases "Embase, PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science" were searched from 1960 to April 1, 2021.

Study Selection: Studies were included if they were (1) RCTs or RCT crossovers in English; (2) with ≥50% participants affected by ischemic/hemorrhagic stroke; (3) participants aged ≥18 years; and (4) used an intervention for the hemiparetic UE as the primary objective of the study.

Uric acid and acute kidney injury in high-risk patients for developing acute kidney injury undergoing cardiac surgery: A prospective multicenter study.

Purpose: It is unclear whether preoperative serum uric acid (SUA) elevation may play a role in the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) associated with cardiac surgery (CSA-AKI). We conducted a cohort study to evaluate the influence of preoperative hyperuricemia on AKI in patients at high risk for developing SC-AKI.

Design: Multicenter prospective international cohort study.

Botulinum toxin type A infiltration in spasticity and cervical dystonia. Muscle morphology: an overlooked factor.

Introduction: Botulinum toxin type A is used to treat spasticity and dystonia. However, its relationship with muscle morphology has not been studied. The action mechanism of botulinum toxin is based on the inhibition of acetylcholine release.

Developing a framework for utilizing adjunct rehabilitation therapies in motor recovery of upper extremity post stroke.

Introduction: Standardization of first principles has transformed stroke rehabilitation in developed countries and helped guide the appropriate allocation of resources to ensure better outcomes for patients. There have been challenges in incorporating new evidence into stroke rehabilitation practices. The sheer number of RCTs can be daunting to the average clinician, made worse by the lack of a framework for their application.