In the activation of HPV-specific human B cells HPV-VLP vaccines mimic membrane-associated antigens.

B cell responses to membrane-presented antigens appear to be strongly favored over soluble antigens in vivo suggesting that vaccines that mimic membrane-presented antigens may be highly efficacious. We recently demonstrated that human B cell responses to membrane-associated but not to soluble antigens in vitro depended on the expression and activity of the plasma membrane mechanosensitive ion channel, Piezo1. Here, we provide evidence that the efficacy of the current human papillomavirus virus-like particle (HPV VLP) vaccines may be due in part to their inherent ability to mimic Piezo1-dependent membrane presentation of antigens to B cells.

A f. sp. Effector with DPBB Domain Suppresses Wheat Defense.

Wheat ( L.) is a primary crop globally. Among the numerous pathogens affecting wheat production, f.

Assessment of Self-Activation and Inhibition of Wheat Coiled-Coil Domain Containing NLR Immune Receptor Yr10.

Plant immunity is largely governed by nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptor (NLR). Here, we examine the molecular activation and inhibition mechanisms of the wheat CC-type NLR , a previously proposed candidate for the resistance gene. Though recent studies have identified as the true gene, Yr10 remains an important NLR in understanding NLR-mediated immunity in wheat.

Periprosthetic joint infections: state-of-the-art.

In general, periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is regarded as one of the most common complications of total joint arthroplasty (TJA) and may lead to surgical failure, revision surgery, amputation or death. Nowadays, PJI has become a global health concern, which brings a great burden to public healthcare. In addition, there are still obstacles to achieve high success rates in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of PJI.