Identification of genes differentially expressed during prenatal development of skeletal muscle in two pig breeds differing in muscularity.

Background: Postnatal muscle growth is largely depending on the number and size of muscle fibers. The number of myofibers and to a large extent their metabolic and contractile properties, which also influence their size, are determined prenatally during the process of myogenesis. Hence identification of genes and their networks governing prenatal development of skeletal muscles will provide insight into the control of muscle growth and facilitate finding the source of its variation.

Associations of functional candidate genes derived from gene-expression profiles of prenatal porcine muscle tissue with meat quality and muscle deposition.

Ten genes (ANK1, bR10D1, CA3, EPOR, HMGA2, MYPN, NME1, PDGFRA, ERC1, TTN), whose candidacy for meat-quality and carcass traits arises from their differential expression in prenatal muscle development, were examined for association in 1700 performance-tested fattening pigs of commercial purebred and crossbred herds of Duroc, Pietrain, Pietrain x (Landrace x Large White), Duroc x (Landrace x Large White) as well as in an experimental F(2) population based on a reciprocal cross of Duroc and Pietrain. Comparative sequencing revealed polymorphic sites segregating across commercial breeds. Genetic mapping results corresponded to pre-existing assignments to porcine chromosomes or current human-porcine comparative maps.

Molecular characterization and evidencing of the porcine CRH gene as a functional-positional candidate for growth and body composition.

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), a major regulator of neuroendocrine response to stress, is involved in the control of energy balance and thus may affect body composition and growth. The porcine CRH (pCRH) gene was studied as a comparative-positional candidate for QTL for longissimus muscle area, average backfat thickness, carcass length, and average daily gain on test on porcine chromosome 4. Sequence of the complete transcriptional unit of pCRH gene spanning 2068bp was determined along with 582bp of the 5'-flanking region.