How to avoid evaporation during rheological measurements of dewatered pasty sludge at high temperature.

Controlling the residence time in paddle dryers and the drying efficiency imply the knowledge of rheological behaviour of highly concentrated and pasty sludge and its temperature dependency. However, because of perturbing effects such as evaporation, measurements are not fully representative of intrinsic sludge properties. Classical techniques usually considered in the literature for evaporation control are not efficient at high temperatures.

Experimental rheological procedure adapted to pasty dewatered sludge up to 45 % dry matter.

Wastewater sludge are characterized by complex rheological properties, strongly dependent on solids concentration and temperature. These properties are required for process hydrodynamic modelling but their correct measurement is often challenging at high solids concentrations. This is especially true to model the hydrodynamic of dewatered sludge during drying process where solids content (TS) increases with residence time.

Modeling the synergistic antibacterial effects of honey characteristics of different botanical origins from the Sahara Desert of Algeria.

Background: Honey has multiple therapeutic properties due to its composition with diverse components.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the antimicrobial efficacy of Saharan honeys against bacterial pathogens, the variation of honey floral origins, and its physicochemical characteristics.

Materials And Methods: The antimicrobial activity of 32 samples of honey collected from the Algerian Sahara Desert was tested on four bacteria; Bacillus subtilis, Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus.