Evaluation of PFAS extraction and analysis methods for biosolids.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the environment is a growing concern leading to a focus on PFAS occurrence in biosolids, a byproduct of wastewater treatment processes, often applied to improve soil health. This led to the need for analytical method development for assessing PFAS in biosolids. This study compares three methods for PFAS quantitation, evaluating solvent extraction, clean-up techniques, and final injection solvents.

Application of Gaussian mixture models to quantify the upper background threshold for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in U.S. surface soil.

Studies on the occurrence and environmental distribution of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have clearly demonstrated their ubiquity in surface soil as a result of historic and ongoing emissions from various manufacturing and industrial activities worldwide. Given global efforts to characterize and mitigate risk from point source-impacted sites, there is, thus, an urgent need to quantify nonpoint source threshold concentrations (i.e.

Addressing conflicts of interest regarding the vaccine in infectious disease outbreaks based on good governance for health approach: a policy brief.

Background: Infectious disease outbreaks pose a significant threat to public health, and achieving herd immunity highlights the importance of addressing conflicts of interest (COI) in vaccine development and policy-making. This policy brief aims to present policy options that address COI regarding vaccines in infectious disease outbreaks, based on good governance for health approach.

Methods: Our study used a scoping review methodology.

Comparative in vitro activities of seven antifungal drugs against clinical isolates of Candida parapsilosis complex.

Objective: Candida parapsilosis species complex, an important set of non-albicans Candida species, is known to cause candidaemia particularly in neonates and infants. However, the incidence has increased in recent years, owing to higher numbers of at individuals at risk for these infections. Our objective was to evaluate the in vitro susceptibility of clinical isolates of C.