Inhibition of the polyol pathway by extract: plausible implications for diabetic retinopathy treatment.

Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy is a significant microvascular disorder and the leading cause of vision impairment in working-age individuals. Hyperglycemia triggers retinal damage through mechanisms such as the polyol pathway and the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Inhibiting key enzymes in this pathway, aldose reductase (AR) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SD), alongside preventing AGE formation, may offer therapeutic strategies for diabetic retinopathy and other vascular complications.

Applications of MicroED in structural biology and structure-based drug discovery.

Microcrystal electron diffraction (MicroED) is an emerging method for the structure determination of proteins and peptides, enzyme-inhibitor complexes. Several structures of biomolecules, including lysozyme, proteinase K, adenosine receptor A2A, insulin, xylanase, thermolysin, DNA, and Granulovirus occlusion bodies, have been successfully determined through MicroED. As MicroED uses very small crystals for structure determination, therefore, it has several advantages over conventional X-ray diffraction methods.

The Effect of Glycemic Control on Cardiovascular Disease Progression in Adults With Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes: A Longitudinal Cohort Analysis.

Introduction Rising prevalence rates of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), particularly in younger populations, have made early-onset T2DM (diagnosed before age 40) an increasingly significant health concern. Early-onset T2DM is often associated with more rapid progression and increased complications, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, its specific impact on cardiovascular outcomes remains inadequately understood, particularly compared to T2DM in older populations.

Exploring the nexus between financial inclusion, governance, and carbon emissions in SAARC countries.

This study examines the impact of financial inclusion (FI) and institutional quality (INSQ) on carbon dioxide (CO) emissions in South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) economies, using data from 2004 to 2022. The hypotheses were tested using a generalized method of moments (GMM) approach. Beside, a robust moment method quantile regression (MM-QR) static model and Granger causality tests were employed to validate the results.

Pymetrozine induced remarkable hemato-biochemical modifications and genotoxicity in vital organs of bighead carp ().

Pymetrozine (a pyridine azomethine pesticide) is one of the most commonly and frequently used insecticides. Scanty information is available about the deleterious effects of Pymetrozine on fish especially bighead carp. Hence, the current study investigated chronic toxicological effects of pymetrozine in bighead carp.