Microbiota and Autism: A Review on Oral and Gut Microbiome Analysis Through 16S rRNA Sequencing.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition with multifactorial etiologies, including genetic, environmental, and microbiological factors. In recent years, increasing attention has been given to the role of the gut microbiota in ASD. Emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiota dysbiosis may influence the central nervous system through the gut-brain axis, potentially impacting behavior and neurodevelopment.

Tolerability and Preliminary Outcomes of Adjuvant T-DM1 in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer After Neoadjuvant Therapy: The ATD Study.

Background/objectives: HER2-positive breast cancer (HER2BC) is an aggressive subtype, with neoadjuvant treatment (NAT) aiming to achieve a pathological complete response (pCR) to improve long-term outcomes. Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) has been established as the standard of care in the adjuvant setting for HER2BC patients who do not obtain pCR. The ATD study aimed to evaluate the real-world tolerability of T-DM1 in this setting.

Efficacy of vaccination during pregnancy in reducing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in infants younger than 12 months. Puglia (Italy), 2021-23.

This retrospective cohort study evaluated the effectiveness of maternal vaccination against COVID-19 in reducing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in infants younger than 12 months. The study, conducted at the "Policlinico" University Hospital of Bari, included 3346 newborns and their mothers. The study explored the degree of protection offered by maternal vaccination depending on the timing, type, and trimester of vaccination, also taking into account the mother's history of infection.

Phosphoribosyl modification of poly-ubiquitin chains at the Legionella-containing vacuole prohibiting autophagy adaptor recognition.

Ubiquitination is a posttranslational modification in eukaryotes that plays a significant role in the infection of intracellular microbial pathogens, such as Legionella pneumophila. While the Legionella-containing vacuole (LCV) is coated with ubiquitin (Ub), it avoids recognition by autophagy adaptors. Here, we report that the Sdc and Sde families of effectors work together to build ubiquitinated species around the LCV.

Application of Metagenomics Sequencing in a Patient with Dementia: A New Case Report.

(1) Background: The study of the microbiome is crucial for its role in major systemic diseases, in particular the oral and gut microbiota. In recent years, the study of microorganisms correlated, for example, with neurodegenerative disease has increased the prospect of a possible link between gut microbiota and the brain. Here, we report a new case concerning a patient who was initially evaluated genetically for dementia and late-onset dyskinesia, and later tested with 16S metagenomics sequencing.