Melanosis of the bladder: Case study of a rare and obscure entity.

Introduction And Importance: Melanosis of the bladder is a rare condition defined by the development of melanin in the bladder's urothelium and/or macrophages in the lamina propria. This condition first became known in humans in 1986, with fewer than 30 cases described in the English medical literature to date.

Case Report: We present the rare case of bladder melanosis affecting an 85-year-old patient.

Harmonized disposable income dataset for Europe at subnational level.

In recent decades, detailed country-level estimates of income and wealth have become widely available and inform us about the evolution of inequality between and within countries. But a substantial portion of these available datasets lack sub-national geographical information, precluding the exploration of the spatial distribution and evolution of inequalities within countries. We present here a new dataset of disposable income for Europe at the subnational level.

Primary metastatic melanoma of the female urethra: A case report and literature review.

Background: Urethral malignant melanoma is an uncommon and aggressive malignancy, frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage, posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.

Case Presentation: We present the case of a 74-year-old North African female diagnosed with primary metastatic urethral melanoma. Initial staging included a thorough physical examination, pelvic MRI, and whole-body CT scan, initially showing no signs of distant metastasis.

Complex case of ureteropelvic junction obstruction with bifid renal pelvis in ectopic kidney: A rare combination.

Introduction: Renal pelvis bifidity, ectopic pelvic kidney, and ureteropelvic junction obstruction are rare urinary tract anomalies resulting from embryological developmental variations. Their coexistence in one kidney is exceedingly uncommon.

Case Presentation: An 18-year-old male with no prior medical history presented with right-sided lumbar pain.

Performance characteristics of the EPR dosimetry system with table sugar in radiotherapy applications.

Performance characteristics of the megavoltage photon dose measurements with EPR and table sugar were analyzed. An advantage of sugar as a dosimetric material is its tissue equivalency. The minimal detectable dose was found to be 1.