Publications by authors named "M Mikoleit"
Objectives: The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) conducts active surveillance for typhoid fever cases caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (Typhi). Here we describe the characteristics of the first two cases of mph(A)-positive azithromycin-resistant Typhi identified through US surveillance.
Methods: Isolates were submitted to public health laboratories, sequenced, and screened for antimicrobial resistance determinants and plasmids, as part of CDC PulseNet's routine genomic surveillance.
Article Synopsis
- The study involved whole-genome sequencing of 174 Typhi and 54 Paratyphi A samples in Navi Mumbai, focusing on the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance during a typhoid vaccine rollout.
- Most of the bacteria showed resistance to fluoroquinolones, with some carrying genetic mutations linked to ceftriaxone resistance, indicating independent evolution of resistant strains.
- Results revealed two main clades of Typhi in the area, suggesting repeated introductions of the bacteria and a strong correlation between genetic clustering of isolates and their geographical distance, emphasizing the need for better water and sanitation measures alongside vaccination efforts.
Typhoid fever burden can vary over time. Long-term data can inform prevention strategies; however, such data are lacking in many African settings. We reexamined typhoid fever incidence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) over a 10-year period in Kibera, a densely populated urban informal settlement where a high burden has been previously described.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTyphoid fever, an acute febrile illness caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi), is endemic in many low- and middle-income countries (1). In 2015, an estimated 11-21 million typhoid fever cases and 148,000-161,000 associated deaths occurred worldwide (2).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- Existing acute febrile illness (AFI) surveillance systems can be adapted to identify new diseases like COVID-19 by testing patients who show symptoms.
- The CDC worked with health ministries in five countries (Belize, Ethiopia, Kenya, Liberia, and Peru) to integrate COVID-19 testing into their AFI systems from March 2020 to October 2021, enrolling over 5,500 patients.
- Testing results showed varying positivity rates for SARS-CoV-2 across countries, demonstrating that AFI surveillance can effectively enhance monitoring and response to emerging infectious diseases.