Pseudo-discordance mimicking low-flow low-gradient aortic stenosis in transcatheter aortic valve replacement patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis.

Background: While the combination of a small aortic valve area (AVA) and low mean gradient is frequently labeled 'low-flow low-gradient aortic stenosis (AS)', there are two potential causes for this finding: underestimation of mean gradient and underestimation of AVA.

Methods: In order to investigate the prevalence and causes of discordant echocardiographic findings in symptomatic patients with AS and normal left ventricular (LV) function, we evaluated 72 symptomatic patients with AS and normal LV function by comparing Doppler, invasive, computed tomography (CT) LV outflow tract (LVOT) area, and calcium score (CaSc).

Results: Thirty-six patients had discordant echocardiographic findings (mean gradient < 40 mmHg, AVA ≤ 1 cm²).

Activation of Insulin Signaling in Adipocytes and Myotubes by Extract.

() is a medicinal plant, traditionally used as an antidiabetic remedy. Previous studies demonstrated its beneficial properties in the treatment of insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to further clarify the effect of extract (SSE) on insulin signaling.

Learning Neuroscience with Technology: A Scaffolded, Active Learning Approach.

Mobile applications (apps) for learning technical scientific content are becoming increasingly popular in educational settings. Neuroscience is often considered complex and challenging for most students to understand conceptually. iNeuron is a recently developed iOS app that teaches basic neuroscience in the context of a series of scaffolded challenges to create neural circuits and increase understanding of nervous system structure and function.

Contributions of Neuroscience Knowledge to Teachers and Their Practice.

While neuroscience has elucidated the mechanisms underpinning learning and memory, accurate dissemination of this knowledge to teachers and educators has been limited. This review focuses on teacher professional development in neuroscience that harnessed the power of active-learning strategies and best educational practices resulting in increased teacher and student understanding of cognition and brain function. For teachers, the experience of learning a novel subject in an active manner enabled them to subsequently teach using similar strategies.