Preliminary evidence of the association between the history of childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and smoking treatment failure.

Smoking rates are elevated among individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The association of ADHD diagnosis and smoking treatment outcome has not been examined. The present study examined abstinence rates among 428 adult smokers participating in two randomized controlled trials.

Phase transitions in K2Cr2O7 and structural redeterminations of phase II.

Crystals of phase II K2Cr2O7, potassium dichromate, space group P1 , grown from aqueous solution undergo a first-order transition to phase I, space group reportedly P21/n, at a phase-transition temperature, TPT, of 544 (2) K on first heating; the corresponding transition on cooling is at 502 (2) K. The endotherm on subsequent heatings occurs reproducibly at TPT = 531 (2) K. Mass loss between ca 531 and 544 K, identified as included water, is rapid and continues more slowly to higher temperatures for a total loss of ca 0.

Alcohol use affects the outcome of treatment for cocaine abuse.

This study investigated whether alcohol use affects baseline characteristics and treatment outcome in 128 adults who participated in a randomized trial of cognitive behavioral vs. 12-step treatment for crack cocaine abuse. Assessments were taken at baseline and weeks 4, 8, 12, and 26 on biologically-verified cocaine abstinence and psychometric measures.

Limitations of using delta 18O for the source identification of nitrate in agricultural soils.

The stable isotopic composition (delta 15N and delta 18O) of nitrate was analyzed in two lysimeter field experiments in order to identify the conditions under which the dual isotope approach can be applied to identify the main source of nitrate in agricultural soils. The first field experiment involved six lysimeters beneath fields that had been fertilized for 10 yr with the same type of fertilizer (NH4NO3; delta 15N = +1.2@1000, delta 18O = +18.