Use of the MNCD Classification to Monitor Clinical Stage and Response to Levodopa-Entacapone-Carbidopa Intestinal Gel Infusion in Advanced Parkinson's Disease.

Background And Objective: Staging Parkinson's disease (PD) with a novel simple classification called MNCD, based on four axes (Motor; Non-motor; Cognition; Dependency) and five stages, correlated with disease severity, patients' quality of life and caregivers' strain and burden. Our aim was to apply the MNCD classification in advanced PD patients treated with device-aided therapy (DAT).

Patients And Methods: A multicenter observational retrospective study of the first patients to start the levodopa-entacapone-carbidopa intestinal gel (LECIG) in Spain was performed (LECIPARK study).

In vivo gastric detection of α-synuclein inclusions in Parkinson's disease.

α-Synuclein inclusions have been identified in the brain and some parts of the enteric nervous system in Parkinson's disease cases. We aimed to assess these inclusions in gastric mucosa samples from patients with symptomatic Parkinson's disease. Random biopsies were performed by gastroscopy in 28 patients with Parkinson's disease and in 29 age- and sex-matched controls.

Gliomatosis cerebri: findings with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.

Gliomatosis cerebri (GC), is a rare neoplastic disease (less than 150 cases reported in the literature) with a diffuse, widespread proliferation of neoplastic glial cells in the brain, generally affecting both hemispheres and involving the gray and white matter [1-3]. Less commonly, the cerebellum, the brain stem and the medulla can be affected. Histologic evaluation reveals neoplastic astrocytes with varying levels of differentiation.

Sex ratios, size distributions, and sexual dimorphism in the dioecious tree Ilex aquifolium (Aquifoliaceae).

Sex ratio and sexual dimorphism in physiology and growth were studied in the dioecious tree Ilex aquifolium at two localities in northern Spain. Genet sex ratio was significantly male biased in one locality but not in the other. However, ramet and flowering ramet sex ratios were male biased at both study sites.