Publications by authors named "M Masson-Pevet"

Recent studies have characterised a retrograde mechanism whereby the pineal hormone melatonin acts in the pars tuberalis (PT) of the pituitary gland to control thyroid hormone action in the hypothalamus, leading to changes in seasonal reproductive function. This involves the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from PT that activates type II deiodinase (DIO2) gene expression in hypothalamic ependymal cells, locally generating biologically active T3, and thus triggering a neuroendocrine cascade. In the present study, we investigated whether a similar regulatory mechanism operates in the European hamster.

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This study investigated in male European hamsters (Cricetus cricetus ) whether entrainment of circannual rhythms follows the principles of the nonparametric entrainment model. In 2 experiments the times of the year when long (LP) or short photoperiod (SP) are able to synchronize the reproductive cycle were determined, by recording phase response curves (PRCs). A total of 28 groups of 10 hamsters were synchronized by SP, before being subjected to 2 converse experiments: a) 14 groups were transferred to constant LP, only interrupted by SP for 1 month (SP-pulse), the pulse being increasingly delayed between groups by 2 weeks or 1 month steps; and b) the remaining 14 groups stayed in constant SP interrupted by LP for 1 month (LP-pulse) at different phases of the cycle.

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In seasonal species, the photoperiod (i.e. day length) tightly regulates reproduction to ensure that birth occurs at the most favourable time of year.

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The suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) distribute the circadian neural message to the pineal gland which transforms it into a humoral circadian message, the nocturnal melatonin synthesis, which in turn modulates tissues expressing melatonin receptors such as the SCN or the pars tuberalis (PT). Nuclear orphan receptors (NOR), including rorbeta and rev-erbalpha, have been presented as functional links between the positive and negative loops of the molecular clock. Recent findings suggest that these NOR could be the initial targets of melatonin's chronobiotic message within the SCN.

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In mammals, day-length-sensitive (photoperiodic) seasonal breeding cycles depend on the pineal hormone melatonin, which modulates secretion of reproductive hormones by the anterior pituitary gland [1]. It is thought that melatonin acts in the hypothalamus to control reproduction through the release of neurosecretory signals into the pituitary portal blood supply, where they act on pituitary endocrine cells [2]. Contrastingly, we show here that during the reproductive response of Soay sheep exposed to summer day lengths, the reverse applies: Melatonin acts directly on anterior-pituitary cells, and these then relay the photoperiodic message back into the hypothalamus to control neuroendocrine output.

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