Decreased rotator cuff muscle cross-sectional areas in subjects with adhesive capsulitis: a study comparing male and female subjects.

Objective: To compare rotator cuff (RC) muscle cross-sectional areas (CSA) in subjects with adhesive capsulitis (AC) to age- and sex-matched controls.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 97 shoulder MRIs or MR arthrography studies, of which 42 were clinically diagnosed with AC (27 female, 15 male) and 55 were age- and sex-matched controls (38 female, 17 male). All AC subjects underwent imaging ≥ 6 months after symptom onset.

Cross-sectional areas of rotator cuff muscles in males without tears on shoulder MRI.

Objective: To establish reference values of rotator cuff (RC) cross sectional area (CSA) in males.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed shoulder MRIs from 500 patients aged 13-78 years, grouped as follows (N=100 in each): <20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50, >50 years. All examinations were reviewed to exclude prior surgery, tears, or significant RC pathology.

Breast adipose tissue attenuation as a novel imaging biomarker for cardiometabolic risk.

Background: Certain adipose tissue depots infer higher cardiometabolic risk than body mass index (BMI).

Purpose: To assess breast adipose tissue (BrAT) attenuation as a novel imaging biomarker for cardiometabolic risk.

Material And Methods: We studied 151 women (mean age = 56 ± 1 years) across the weight spectrum.

State-dependent pupil dilation rapidly shifts visual feature selectivity.

To increase computational flexibility, the processing of sensory inputs changes with behavioural context. In the visual system, active behavioural states characterized by motor activity and pupil dilation enhance sensory responses, but typically leave the preferred stimuli of neurons unchanged. Here we find that behavioural state also modulates stimulus selectivity in the mouse visual cortex in the context of coloured natural scenes.

How do you get six meters of epididymis inside a human scrotum?

It is very clear that the epididymis plays a crucial role in the maturation of spermatozoa, and without a fully developed and functional epididymis, male infertility will result. We are especially interested in understanding the mechanisms that regulate the development of this important organ because disruptions to epididymal function will also arise as a consequence of abnormal development. Very little is known either of the process of epididymal development or the nature and causes of congenital defects that lead to male infertility.