Discriminative stimulus effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in humans trained to discriminate among d-amphetamine, meta-chlorophenylpiperazine and placebo.

In animals, two-choice drug discrimination studies have demonstrated that the behavioral effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) are mediated by dopaminergic and serotonergic systems. In order to delineate the relative role of these systems, three-choice paradigms have been used in animals, with findings indicating a more prominent role for serotonin. Human studies assessing the subjective and physiological effects of MDMA have also indicated a mixed action.

Double-blind placebo-controlled trial of fluoxetine in smoking cessation treatment including nicotine patch and cognitive-behavioral group therapy.

Smoking cessation attempts are often complicated by dysphoria/depression, weight gain, craving, and other nicotine withdrawal symptoms. Fluoxetine's antidepressant and anorectant properties, along with its capacity to attenuate compulsive behavior, suggest that this medication might facilitate smoking cessation treatment. We examined the effect of fluoxetine on smoking cessation in the context of a program that included group cognitive-behavioral therapy (six weeks) and transdermal nicotine patch(ten weeks).

The representation of smoking expectancies by single-word adjectives and their relationship to smoking characteristics.

A pool of single-word adjectives representing smoking outcome expectancies was derived and tested in two studies. In Study One, smoking-related words were generated and then clustered together to form 39 categories representing smoking expectancy nodes. Analysis of the number of times words in each category were generated indicated that expectancies varied as a function of smoking status (measured at two levels: Ever smoked daily vs.

Predicting the emergence and persistence of alcohol dependence in young adults: the role of expectancy and other risk factors.

The relationship of alcohol outcome expectancies and other risk factors: demographic, personality, and affectivity, to alcohol dependence status was examined over a 3.5-year interval in 1,007 young adults. Lifetime prevalence of alcohol dependence was 18.

DSM-III-R nicotine dependence in young adults: prevalence, correlates and associated psychiatric disorders.

We describe the epidemiology of nicotine dependence and its association with other substance use and psychiatric disorders. Data came from a random sample of young adults, 21-30 years of age, in the Detroit, Michigan metropolitan area. The NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule was used to ascertain DSM-III-R disorders.