Deep Learning and Multidisciplinary Imaging in Pediatric Surgical Oncology: A Scoping Review.

Background: Medical images play an important role in diagnosis and treatment of pediatric solid tumors. The field of radiology, pathology, and other image-based diagnostics are getting increasingly important and advanced. This indicates a need for advanced image processing technology such as Deep Learning (DL).

Local delivery of TGF-β1-mRNA decreases fibrosis in osteochondral defects.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a condition that affects the quality of life of millions of patients worldwide. Current clinical treatments, in most cases, lead to cartilage repair with deposition of fibrocartilage tissue, which is mechanically inferior and not as durable as hyaline cartilage tissue. We designed an mRNA delivery strategy to enhance the natural healing potential of autologous bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) for articular cartilage repair.

A bioactive supramolecular and covalent polymer scaffold for cartilage repair in a sheep model.

Regeneration of hyaline cartilage in human-sized joints remains a clinical challenge, and it is a critical unmet need that would contribute to longer healthspans. Injectable scaffolds for cartilage repair that integrate both bioactivity and sufficiently robust physical properties to withstand joint stresses offer a promising strategy. We report here on a hybrid biomaterial that combines a bioactive peptide amphiphile supramolecular polymer that specifically binds the chondrogenic cytokine transforming growth factor β-1 (TGFβ-1) and crosslinked hyaluronic acid microgels that drive formation of filament bundles, a hierarchical motif common in natural musculoskeletal tissues.

Experimental congenital diaphragmatic hernia features an alteration of DNA sensing targets cGAS and STING.

Background: The pathogenesis of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) depends on multiple factors. Activation of the DNA-sensing cyclic-GMP-AMP-synthase (cGAS) and Stimulator-of-Interferon-Genes (STING) pathway by double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) links environmental stimuli and inflammation. We hypothesized that nitrofen exposure alters cGAS and STING in human bronchial epithelial cells and fetal rat lungs.