Cap Polyposis: An Elusive Diagnosis in a Pediatric Patient Successfully Managed With Endoscopic Treatment.

Cap polyposis is a rare condition of the rectum or sigmoid colon manifested by inflammatory polyps covered by a thick layer of fibrinopurulent mucus. This condition typically presents as mucoid diarrhea and rectal bleeding, and patients are often prescribed antibiotics (such as those for ), steroids, infliximab, or aminosalicylates. Surgical management is an option for unresponsive disease, but endoscopic management has been rarely reported.

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided liver biopsy in pediatric patients.

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is routinely used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in adults, and there is emerging literature on its feasibility and safety in children. A recent novel application is EUS-guided liver biopsy (EUS-LB), which has shown to be technically simple, safe, and provides adequate diagnostic yield in adults for evaluation of liver disease; but the use of EUS-LB has never been evaluated in the pediatric population. We report the first case series of EUS-LB in the pediatric population, performed on 3 children, 1 girl and 2 boys-ages 9, 14 and 17 respectively, using a 19-gauge EUS-fine needle aspiration needle.

Single donor-derived strongyloidiasis in three solid organ transplant recipients: case series and review of the literature.

Donor-derived Strongyloides stercoralis infections in transplant recipients are a rare but recognized complication. In this case series, we report donor-derived allograft transmission of Strongyloides in three solid organ transplant recipients. Following detection of infection in heart and kidney-pancreas recipients at two different transplant centers, a third recipient from the same donor was identified and diagnosed.

Mucosal biopsy.

Intestinal mucosal biopsy has become an invaluable tool for the evaluation of children with abdominal complaints. Multiple techniques and biopsy instruments have each been developed with advantages and limitations. Physicians caring for infants and children must be familiar with indications for tissue sampling, timing of the biopsies, and interpretations of biopsy specimens.