Implications of packed red bloods cells production and transfer on post transfusion hemoglobin increase.

Background: Blood loss resulting in severe anemia is the most common indication for postoperative allogenic red blood cell (RBC) transfusions. In high-income countries, the majority of transfusions is received by elderly patients. Preservatives extend the storage of RBCs, though concerns exist about potential harm from transfusing older RBCs.

Preventing, identifying and managing myocardial injury after non cardiac surgery - a narrative review.

Purpose Of Review: There is mounting and convincing evidence that patients with postoperative troponin elevation, with or without any clinical symptoms, are at higher risk for both, short- and long-term morbidity and mortality. Myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery (MINS) is a relatively newly described syndrome, and the pathogenesis is not fully understood yet. MINS is now an established syndrome and multiple guidelines address potential etiologies, triggers, as well as preventive and management strategies.

Interaction of preservatives with contact materials during filling and storage of parenteral liquid formulations.

Silicone tubing is a frequently used material in pharmaceutical filling processes for parenteral formulations, as its characteristics like flexibility, chemical resistance and easy handling make it particularly suitable for these purposes. This study investigated the time-dependent interaction of phenol and m-cresol with silicone tubing and other broadly applied contact materials used during the filling and transport processes of parenteral formulations. Phenol losses could be observed after incubation in silicone tubing, depending on the inner diameter (ID).

Multiple predictions of others' actions in the human brain.

The success of our actions often depends on what others are doing. How does the brain discern predictions of others' actions when situations are ambiguous? Recent work by Ma and colleagues suggests that the brain solves this problem by entertaining multiple predictions of others' actions, ranked by their likelihood.