[Pediatric developmental disorders of the musculoskeletal system].

Clinical/methodical Issue: In pediatric musculoskeletal disorders, a distinction is made between normal and abnormal development.

Standard Radiological Methods: X‑ray examination is the standard diagnostic procedure.

Methodological Innovations: Cross-sectional imaging, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and ultrasonography (US) are increasingly used.

[Radiological diagnosis of apophyseal injuries of the pelvic region].

Avulsion injuries of the pelvis are common sports-related findings in skeletally immature adolescent patients. They usually present as an avulsion of the unfused apophysis, resulting from forced muscular contraction during typical athletic movements or from chronic traction injuries. Acute apophyseal avulsion injuries are usually easily detected with radiography.

Chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) in childhood and adolescence - a disease with many faces.

Background: Chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) is a chronic inflammatory skeletal disease that affects particularly children and adolescents and is often diagnosed with a delay. With whole-body MRI, early diagnosis of this disease is possible in many cases. Since children and adolescents frequently present with non-specific complaints for outpatient radiological diagnosis, every radiologist should have basic knowledge of this complex clinical picture.

Cough-induced chylothorax in a two-year-old boy - case report and review of the literature.

Background: Chylothorax is a very rare form of pleural effusion in children, especially after the neonatal period, and predominantly occurs secondary to cardiothoracic surgery. It can lead to significant respiratory distress, immunodeficiency, and malnutrition. Effective treatment strategies are therefore required to reduce morbidity.

Long-term monitoring of children with Pseudo Tumor Cerebri Syndrome by transbulbar sonography.

Determination of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) with transbulbar sonography has become an easily accessible and time-effective tool in the assessment of increased intracranial pressure. The aim of our study was to evaluate the usefulness of transbulbar sonography in the initial diagnosis and in follow-up examinations of children and adolescents with the diagnosis of pseudotumor cerebri syndrome (PTCS). We retrospectively reviewed imaging results of 24 patients aged 0.