Impact of smoking on oral mucosa: A cytological and cellular proliferation study.

Background: Cigarette smoking is known to induce various cellular changes and proliferative activities within the oral mucosa. This study compares the effects of smoking on cellular proliferation and cytological alterations using the AgNORs and Pap staining methods.

Methods: We performed statistical analyses to evaluate the mean AgNORs count in smokers and non- smokers.

Middle meningeal artery embolization for chronic subdural hematoma in the nonagenarian population.

Background: The estimated incidence of chronic subdural hematomas (cSDH) in the general population is projected to nearly double over the next decade, likely making it the most commonly treated cranial neurosurgical condition in adults by 2030. We investigated the outcomes of middle meningeal artery embolization (MMAe) as either a primary or adjunctive treatment for cSDH in nonagenarian patients.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all patients 90 years of age or older treated with middle meningeal artery embolization for cSDH from 2018 to 2024 at two academic institutions.

Case report: Clinical and genetic characterization of a novel variant causing pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy, developmental delay, and intellectual disability in two siblings.

Background: Pathogenic variants in are associated with pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy (PDE), a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by epileptic seizures, unresponsiveness to standard antiseizure medications (ASM), and a response only to pyridoxine. Here, we report two patients (from a consanguineous family) with neonatal seizures and developmental delay.

Case Presentation: Patient 1 (a 13-year-old girl) was born normally at term.

Thyroid disorders in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection: a meta-analysis.

Background: Thyroid disorders have significant clinical sequelae, including impaired growth in children, metabolic abnormalities, and impaired cognitive function. However, available studies on burden of thyroid diseases in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), particularly its prevalence and its interaction with HIV related factors (like CD4 count), are controversial. This review aimed to provide a comprehensive summary and analysis on the extent of thyroid dysfunctions in this population.