Integration of focused ultrasound and dynamic imaging control system for targeted neuro-modulation.

Background: Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (tMS) have received widespread clinical use as techniques within a Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation (NIBS) domain, whose primary focus is modulation of neural activity to treat neurological and psychiatric disorders. Despite these advancements, precision targeting of deep brain structures remains a challenge faced with great need of another innovation that will improve precision and reduce the risks. A novel methodology integrating transcranial Focused Ultrasound (tFUS) with real-time functional imaging modalities, including functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and Near-Infra-Red Spectroscopy (NIRS), is proposed in this study as the Integrated Focused Ultrasound and Real-Time Imaging Control System (IFURTICS).

Elective mutism: A case study.

We report a case of persistent elective mutism in a young single woman. To our knowledge there has been no published study or case report of persistent elective mutism starting at the age of acquisition of language and persisting until she was 22.

Recent advances in antidepressant drug therapy.

Many new antidepressants are available for use. The acute effects of administration are mainly manifested as side-effects, whereas the chronic effects take 2-3 weeks to set in and are responsible for therapeutic action. Such changes may include formation and release of neurotransmitters, changes in pre-synaptic uptake, and changes in receptor density and sensitivity.