Preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate to predict cardiac events in major noncardiac surgery: a secondary analysis of two large international studies.

Background: Optimised use of kidney function information might improve cardiac risk prediction in noncardiac surgery.

Methods: In 35,815 patients from the VISION cohort study and 9219 patients from the POISE-2 trial who were ≥45 yr old and underwent nonurgent inpatient noncardiac surgery, we examined (by age and sex) the association between continuous nonlinear preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and the composite of myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery, nonfatal cardiac arrest, or death owing to a cardiac cause within 30 days after surgery. We estimated contributions of predictive information, C-statistic, and net benefit from eGFR and other common patient and surgical characteristics to large multivariable models.

Enhancing leuprolide penetration through enterocytes via the ER-Golgi pathway using lipophilic complexation.

Oral delivery of peptide drugs remains one of the most formidable challenges in the frontier of pharmaceutical research. Peptide drugs typically suffer from exceptionally low oral bioavailability, primarily attributed to rigorous enzymatic degradation within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, limited ability to traverse the enterocyte barrier, and significant first-pass hepatic metabolism. Absorption of peptide drugs via the lymphatic route could potentially bypass intracellular lysosome degradation and hepatic first-pass metabolism.

A corpus of Chinese word segmentation agreement.

The absence of explicit word boundaries is a distinctive characteristic of Chinese script, setting it apart from most alphabetic scripts, leading to word boundary disagreement among readers. Previous studies have examined how this feature may influence reading performance. However, further investigations are required to generate more ecologically valid and generalizable findings.

Evaluating ChatGPT's Multilingual Performance in Clinical Nutrition Advice Using Synthetic Medical Text: Insights from Central Asia.

Background: While large language models like ChatGPT-4 have demonstrated competency in English, their performance for minority groups speaking underrepresented languages, as well as their ability to adapt to specific socio-cultural nuances and regional cuisines, such as those in Central Asia (e.g., Kazakhstan), still requires further investigation.