Hospital-Based Surveillance of Respiratory Viruses Among Children Under Five Years of Age with ARI and SARI in Eastern UP, India.

Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are a leading cause of death in children under five globally. The seasonal trends and profiles of respiratory viruses vary by region and season. Due to limited information and the population's vulnerability, we conducted the hospital-based surveillance of respiratory viruses in Eastern Uttar Pradesh.

Predictors of encephalitis in children with scrub typhus-associated acute febrile illness.

Scrub typhus (ST) is an emerging public health concern in India. Despite being treatable, 20-30 % of acute febrile illnesses (AFI) progress to encephalitis in endemic regions. This study aimed to identify early markers for encephalitis development in children hospitalized with AFI and positive Orientia tsutsugamushi (Ots) serology.

Short Communication: Coinfection of Japanese Encephalitis and Scrub Typhus in Acute Encephalitis Patients in North India.

Acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) is a significant public health issue in India, attributed to various etiologies. In eastern Uttar Pradesh, Japanese encephalitis (JE) was the leading cause of AES (10-14% of total AES) until scrub typhus (ST), caused by , was identified in cerebrospinal fluid and blood samples of AES patients contributing more than 60% of AES cases. This study investigates the prevalence of JE-ST coinfection and compares clinical outcomes among JE mono-infection, ST mono-infection, and JE-ST coinfection.

An Access-Focused Patient-Centric Value Assessment Framework for Medication Formulary Decision-Making in Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases.

The healthcare system in the United States (US) is complex and often fragmented across national and regional health plans which exhibit substantial variability in benefit design and formulary policies for accessing medications. We propose an access-focused value assessment framework for formulary decision-making for medications to manage immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs), where patients are at the center of this framework. Formulary decision-making for IMID medications can be a challenging, even daunting, task with continuously evolving and enhanced treat-to-target goals.

Osteopenic Effect of Disulfiram Therapy in Patients With Alcohol Use Disorder.

Background: Disulfiram is widely used to treat alcohol use disorder. Alcohol per se adversely affects bone health. In the experimental study, disulfiram leads to apoptosis of osteoblast and significant osteopenia in adult rats.