A Digital Tool for Clinical Evidence-Driven Guideline Development by Studying Properties of Trial Eligible and Ineligible Populations: Development and Usability Study.

Background: Clinical guideline development preferentially relies on evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). RCTs are gold-standard methods to evaluate the efficacy of treatments with the highest internal validity but limited external validity, in the sense that their findings may not always be applicable to or generalizable to clinical populations or population characteristics. The external validity of RCTs for the clinical population is constrained by the lack of tailored epidemiological data analysis designed for this purpose due to data governance, consistency of disease or condition definitions, and reduplicated effort in analysis code.

Impact of Social Vulnerability, Race, and Urbanicity on Surgical Timing for Patients With Craniosynostosis.

Prior studies have linked the timing of craniosynostosis surgeries to several postoperative outcomes. However, less is known regarding the influence of sociodemographic factors on surgical timing for this population. This study investigates the influence of social vulnerability index (SVI), race, and urbanicity on the timing of craniosynostosis surgery.

Emerging investigator series: in-depth chemical profiling of tire and artificial turf crumb rubber: aging, transformation products, and transport pathways.

Crumb rubber generated from end-of-life tires (ELTs) poses a threat to environmental and human health based on its widespread use. Of particular concern is the use of ELT crumb rubber as infill for artificial turf fields, as people are unknowingly exposed to complex mixtures of chemicals when playing on these fields. Additionally, there is concern regarding transport of rubber-related chemicals from artificial turf into the environment.

Complete Remission of Metastatic Melanoma of the Scalp Following Treatment With Nivolumab Plus Relatlimab.

Melanoma is an aggressive malignancy accounting for approximately 1% of all skin cancers. The standard of care for distant melanoma of the skin is immunotherapy with PD-1 inhibitors (nivolumab) or CTLA-4 inhibitors. In March 2022, the FDA approved the combination of nivolumab with relatlimab, a lymphocyte-activation gene 3 antibody.

Analysis of the impact of COVID-19 on Scotland's care-homes from March 2020 to October 2021: national linked data cohort analysis.

Background: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on long-term care residents remains of wide interest, but most analyses focus on the initial wave of infections.

Objective: To examine change over time in: (i) The size, duration, classification and pattern of care-home outbreaks of COVID-19 and associated mortality and (ii) characteristics associated with an outbreak.

Design: Retrospective observational cohort study using routinely-collected data.