Predator exposure early in life shapes behavioral development and individual variation in a clonal fish.

Predation risk is one of the most important factors generating behavioral differences among populations. In addition, recent attention focusses on predation as a potential driver of patterns of individual behavioral variation within prey populations. Previous studies provide mixed results, reporting either increased or decreased among-individual variation in response to risk.

Twenty-five emerging questions when detecting, understanding, and predicting future fish distributions in a changing climate.

The 2023 Annual Symposium of the Fisheries Society of the British Isles hosted opportunities for researchers, scientists, and policy makers to reflect on the state of art of predicting fish distributions and consider the implications to the marine and aquatic environments of a changing climate. The outcome of one special interest group at the Symposium was a collection of questions, organized under five themes, which begin to capture the state of the field and identify priorities for research and management over the coming years. The five themes were Physiology, Mechanisms, Detect and Measure, Manage, and Wider Ecosystems.

Evidence for Trans-Oligoene Chain Formation in Graphene Induced by Iodine.

Functionalization of pristine graphene by hydrogen and fluorine is well studied, resulting in graphane and fluorographene structures. In contrast, functionalization of pristine graphene with iodine has not been reported. Here, the functionalization of graphene with iodine using photochemical activation is presented, which is thermally reversible at 400 °C.

Subcapital talar osteotomy to correct transverse plane structural flatfoot deformities.

Subcapital talar neck adductory wedge osteotomies have significant benefits in the correction of angular deformities of the talar head in the pediatric flatfoot. Reconstruction of a severe flatfoot may include an Evans opening calcaneal osteotomy, a modified Young's tenosuspension with a posterior tibial and spring ligament advancement and a tendo Achillies lengthening. Talar neck osteotomies should also be considered in the presurgical evaluation of the pediatric and adolescent flatfoot with severe transverse plane deformity.