[IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF WORK OF MEDICAL WORKERS AND THE LEVEL OF ASSISTANCE TO THE POPULATION AS A NECESSARY CONDITION FOR MINIMIZING DEATHS IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC].

The article considers the key factors that negatively affect the quality of work of medical workers and the quality of medical care to the population in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, which in practice leads to additional deaths from a new coronavirus infection. There are two key reasons that can have a negative impact on the quality of work of medical workers and lead to an increase in the death rate of the population: 1) lack of relevant scientific support; 2) lack of qualified psychological support. The first reason does not allow to increase the professional competence of medical workers, the second reason leads to their professional deformation and emotional burnout.

Retrieval of cloud optical parameters from space-based backscatter lidar data.

We present an approach to estimating the multiple-scattering (MS) contribution to lidar return signals from clouds recorded from space that enables us to describe in more detail the return formation at the depth where first orders of scattering dominate. Estimates made have enabled us to propose a method for correcting solutions of single-scattering lidar equations for the MS contribution. We also describe an algorithm for reconstructing the profiles of the cloud scattering coefficient and the optical thickness tau under conditions of a priori uncertainties.

Laser Sensing of a Subsurface Oceanic Layer. II. Polarization Characteristics of Signals.

In Part I of this paper we calculated depth profiles and polarization characteristics of airborne lidar return signals by the Monte Carlo method. Here we calculate the polarization characteristics of lidar return signals for different types of water. We demonstrate the feasibility of polarization lidar application to the detection of underwater inhomogeneities of different origins.

Laser sensing of a subsurface oceanic layer. I. Effect of the atmosphere and wind-driven sea waves.

Depth profiles and polarization characteristics of airborne lidar return signals have been calculated by the Monte Carlo method. We analyze some peculiarities of depth profiles of lidar return signals for a rough air-water interface. The distorting effect of the atmosphere on the lidar return signal structure is evaluated as a function of the geometry of the observations.

Influence of the air-water interface on hydrosol lidar operation.

The results of seawater sensing by use of an airborne lidar with a changeable field of view (FOV) are presented, together with the results of numerical simulation of lidar operation by the Monte Carlo method. It is demonstrated that multiple scattering and wind-driven sea waves have opposite effects on the measured attenuation coefficient. At small FOVs the wind-driven sea waves cause the lidar signal decay rate to increase compared with the size of the plane surface and hence result in an overestimation of the retrieved attenuation coefficient.