Excellent option for mass testing during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: painless self-collection and direct RT-qPCR.

The early identification of asymptomatic yet infectious cases is vital to curb the 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and to control the disease in the post-pandemic era. In this paper, we propose a fast, inexpensive and high-throughput approach using painless nasal-swab self-collection followed by direct RT-qPCR for the sensitive PCR detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This approach was validated in a large prospective cohort study of 1038 subjects, analysed simultaneously using (1) nasopharyngeal swabs obtained with the assistance of healthcare personnel and analysed by classic two-step RT-qPCR on RNA isolates and (2) nasal swabs obtained by self-collection and analysed with direct RT-qPCR.

The sarcopenia and physical frailty in older people: multi-component treatment strategies (SPRINTT) project: description and feasibility of a nutrition intervention in community-dwelling older Europeans.

Background: The "Sarcopenia and Physical Frailty in Older People: Multicomponent Treatment Strategies" (SPRINTT) project sponsored a multi-center randomized controlled trial (RCT) with the objective to determine the effect of physical activity and nutrition intervention for prevention of mobility disability in community-dwelling frail older Europeans. We describe here the design and feasibility of the SPRINTT nutrition intervention, including techniques used by nutrition interventionists to identify those at risk of malnutrition and to carry out the nutrition intervention.

Methods: SPRINTT RCT recruited older adults (≥ 70 years) from 11 European countries.

[Dual energy computed tomography in diagnosis of urolithiasis: a new method for determining the chemical composition of urinary stones].

The "gold standard" for the diagnosis and evaluation of urinary stones is native computed tomography, which allows determining stone localization and size of with high accuracy. However, this imaging technique has limited diagnostic usefulness in determining the stone chemical composition. The newly introduced method of dual-energy computed tomography, based on obtaining images at two different energy levels is highly effective in determining the composition of urinary stones.

General Practitioners' intention to prescribe and prescribing patterns in selected European settings: The OTCSOCIOMED project.

The aim of this paper is to explore general practitioners' (GPs) prescribing intentions and patterns across different European regions using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). A cross-sectional study was undertaken in selected geographically defined Primary Health Care areas in Cyprus, Czech Republic (CZ), France, Greece, Malta, Sweden and Turkey. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using a TPB-based questionnaire.

The distribution of placental oxidoreductase isoforms provides different milieus of steroids influencing pregnancy in the maternal and fetal compartment.

Using information based on the steroid metabolome in maternal and fetal body fluids, we attempted to ascertain whether there is a common mechanism, which is based on the placental distribution of various isoforms of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases and aldo-keto reductases. This system simultaneously provides a higher proportion of active progestogens in fetal circulation and a higher proportion of active estrogens and GABAergic steroids in the maternal compartment. The data obtained using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry completely support the aforementioned hypothesis.