Protocol for an international multicenter randomized controlled trial assessing treatment success and safety of peroral endoscopic myotomy vs endoscopic balloon dilation for the treatment of achalasia in children.

Introduction: Achalasia is a rare neurodegenerative esophageal motility disorder characterized by incomplete lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxation, increased LES tone and absence of esophageal peristalsis. Achalasia requires invasive treatment in all patients. Conventional treatment options include endoscopic balloon dilation (EBD) and laparoscopic Heller's myotomy (LHM).

Development of a Core Outcome Set for Children Aged 1-18 Years with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease.

Objective: To develop a core outcome set for clinical studies assessing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in children.

Study Design: This core outcome set was developed using a 2-round Delphi technique and adhering to the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Initiative (OMERACT 2.0) recommendations.

Clinical Experience With Performing Esophageal Function Testing in Children.

Objectives: Pediatric high-resolution manometry (HRM) and 24-hour pH-impedance with/without ambulatory manometry (pH-MII+/-mano) tests are generally performed using adult-derived protocols. We aimed to assess the feasibility of these protocols in children, the occurrence of patient-related imperfections and their influence on test interpretability.

Methods: Esophageal function tests performed between 2015 and 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.

Neonatal microbiota development and the effect of early life antibiotics are determined by two distinct settler types.

The neonatal period, during which the initial gut microbiota is acquired, is a critical phase. The healthy development of the infant's microbiome can be interrupted by external perturbations, like antibiotics, which are associated with profound effects on the gut microbiome and various disorders later in life. The aim of this study was to investigate the development of intestinal microbiota and the effect of antibiotic exposure during the first three months of life in term infants.