Optimal placement of phasor measurement units considering islanding contingency, communication infrastructure, and quality of service.

In this study, the PMUs are placed to operate in normal and islanded cases taking into account power system observability, reliability, Communication Infrastructure (CI), and latency time associated with this CI. Moreover, the economic study for additional new data transmission paths is considered as well as the preexisting Communication Devices (CDs) and the availability of predefined locations of some PMUs in some buses. The PMUs placement and their communication network topology and link channel capacity are co-optimized simultaneously.