Spatial analysis of transcript and protein levels in skeletal muscle.

Skeletal muscle spatial analyses have revealed unexpected regionalized gene expression patterns challenging the understanding of muscle as a homogeneous tissue. Here, we present a protocol for the spatial analysis of transcript and protein levels in murine skeletal muscle. We describe steps for tibialis anterior dissection, formaldehyde fixation, tissue chopper cutting, and hybridization chain reaction (HCR) detection and amplification.

Standardizing designed and emergent quantitative features in microphysiological systems.

Microphysiological systems (MPSs) are cellular models that replicate aspects of organ and tissue functions in vitro. In contrast with conventional cell cultures, MPSs often provide physiological mechanical cues to cells, include fluid flow and can be interlinked (hence, they are often referred to as microfluidic tissue chips or organs-on-chips). Here, by means of examples of MPSs of the vascular system, intestine, brain and heart, we advocate for the development of standards that allow for comparisons of quantitative physiological features in MPSs and humans.

Miniaturized engineered heart tissues from hiPSC-derived triple cell type co-cultures to study human cardiac function.

Human heart tissues grown as three-dimensional spheroids and consisting of different cardiac cell types derived from pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) recapitulate aspects of human physiology better than standard two-dimensional models in vitro. They typically consist of less than 5000 cells and are used to measure contraction kinetics although not contraction force. By contrast, engineered heart tissues (EHTs) formed around two flexible pillars, can measure contraction force but conventional EHTs often require between 0.

Automated assessment of human engineered heart tissues using deep learning and template matching for segmentation and tracking.

The high rate of drug withdrawal from the market due to cardiovascular toxicity or lack of efficacy, the economic burden, and extremely long time before a compound reaches the market, have increased the relevance of human in vitro models like human (patient-derived) pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived engineered heart tissues (EHTs) for the evaluation of the efficacy and toxicity of compounds at the early phase in the drug development pipeline. Consequently, the EHT contractile properties are highly relevant parameters for the analysis of cardiotoxicity, disease phenotype, and longitudinal measurements of cardiac function over time. In this study, we developed and validated the software HAARTA (Highly Accurate, Automatic and Robust Tracking Algorithm), which automatically analyzes contractile properties of EHTs by segmenting and tracking brightfield videos, using deep learning and template matching with sub-pixel precision.

[Difference between values of gas analysis of arteries and internal jugular vein in patients with cerebral infarction].

Introduction: Cerebral infarction is more and more frequently present by massive participation and high percentage of mortality even in young population. It is notified as very hard, vitally endangered disease.

Objective: To prove whether there is a difference in the gas analyses of the arterial and cerebral venous blood between the patients with the cerebral infarction of the left and right hemisphere and why it is significant for the treatment of those patients.