Validation of triple pass 24-hour dietary recall in Ugandan children by simultaneous weighed food assessment.

Background: Undernutrition remains highly prevalent in African children, highlighting the need for accurately assessing dietary intake. In order to do so, the assessment method must be validated in the target population. A triple pass 24 hour dietary recall with volumetric portion size estimation has been described but not previously validated in African children.

Reuse of recalcitrant-rich anaerobic effluent as dilution water after enhancement of biodegradability by Fenton processes.

Anaerobic digestion is used to treat effluents with a lot of organics, such as molasses distillery wastewater (MDW) which is the effluent of bioethanol production from molasses. The raw MDW requires a lot of dilution water before biodigestion, while the digested MDW has high level of recalcitrants which are problematic for its discharge. This study investigated ferric coagulation, Fenton, Fenton-like (with ferric ions as catalyst) processes and their combinations on the biodegradability of digested MDW.

Treatment of melanoidin wastewater by anaerobic digestion and coagulation.

Melanoidins are dark-coloured recalcitrant pollutants found in many industrial wastewaters including coffee-manufacturing effluent, molasses distillery wastewater (MDWW) and other wastewater with molasses as the raw material. The wastewaters are mostly treated with anaerobic digestion after some dilution to minimize the inhibition effect. However, the dark colour and recalcitrant dissolved organic carbon (DOC) mainly caused by melanoidin are not effectively removed.

Vaginal histological changes of the baboon during the normal menstrual cycle and pregnancy.

Background: A baboon, a non-human primate, is phylogenetically close to human and has been used to study in detail aspects of reproductive physiology that cannot be studied in humans for ethical reasons.

Objective: To determine the histological changes in baboon vagina associated with cyclic variations during normal menstrual cycle.

Setting: The experiments were carried out at Institute of Primate Research (IPR), Karen, Nairobi, Kenya.

Isolation of E. coli O157:H7 from milk and cattle faeces from urban dairy farming and non dairy farming neighbour households in Dagoretti Division, Nairobi, Kenya: prevalence and risk factors.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 in milk and cattle faecal samples dairy and non dairy neighbouring households and to relate this prevalence to the risk to human health.

Design: Cross sectional study.