Evolutionary repair reveals an unexpected role of the tRNA modification m1G37 in aminoacylation.

The tRNA modification m1G37, introduced by the tRNA methyltransferase TrmD, is thought to be essential for growth in bacteria because it suppresses translational frameshift errors at proline codons. However, because bacteria can tolerate high levels of mistranslation, it is unclear why loss of m1G37 is not tolerated. Here, we addressed this question through experimental evolution of trmD mutant strains of Escherichia coli.

A prospective randomised comparison of bipolar diathermy versus conventional dorsal slit technique for ritual circumcision: a Malaysian experience.

Background And Objectives: Ritual circumcision is one of the most common surgical procedures performed in the developing world. Various technique for circumcision has been described to increase patient's safety and to decrease operating time. This study will look at comparing the conventional method of circumcision using scissors and ligatures with bipolar diathermy.