The use of three-dimensional techniques in facial esthetics.

The three-dimensional nature of beautiful faces is analyzed and beauty is investigated by means of optical-surface scanning. This noninvasive technique is described and illustrated and its value in the assessment of beauty noted. Forty men and 40 women with a normal Class I skeletal pattern and a Class I occlusion were scanned and an average face was obtained for each group.

The development of a new method of cephalometric and study cast mensuration with a computer controlled, video image capture system. Part II: Study cast mensuration.

A computerized system for mensuration of dental casts, developed at the Royal Berkshire Hospital in Reading was tested against a conventional manual method and a computer controlled reflex microscope. Systematic errors, calibration, and handling aspects are discussed. Results showed that the computerized system provided data which while statistically different, were clinically comparable with the same measurements carried out using conventional manual or digitizing techniques.