People construct simplified mental representations to plan.

One of the most striking features of human cognition is the ability to plan. Two aspects of human planning stand out-its efficiency and flexibility. Efficiency is especially impressive because plans must often be made in complex environments, and yet people successfully plan solutions to many everyday problems despite having limited cognitive resources.

Communication in action: Planning and interpreting communicative demonstrations.

Theory of mind enables an observer to interpret others' behavior in terms of unobservable beliefs, desires, intentions, feelings, and expectations about the world. This also empowers the person whose behavior is being observed: By intelligently modifying her actions, she can influence the mental representations that an observer ascribes to her, and by extension, what the observer comes to believe about the world. That is, she can engage in intentionally .

Reward-predictive representations generalize across tasks in reinforcement learning.

In computer science, reinforcement learning is a powerful framework with which artificial agents can learn to maximize their performance for any given Markov decision process (MDP). Advances over the last decade, in combination with deep neural networks, have enjoyed performance advantages over humans in many difficult task settings. However, such frameworks perform far less favorably when evaluated in their ability to generalize or transfer representations across different tasks.

Real-world safety and effectiveness of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 in Japan.

As patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) tend to be older and/or have advanced liver disease in Japan, real-world data are needed to evaluate safe and effective treatment options. The study aim was to assess safety and effectiveness of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF) in a real-world cohort of Japanese patients with HCV genotype (GT) 1 infection overall and by patient subgroups: elderly, compensated cirrhotic, advanced fibrotic and those with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A large prospective observational study was conducted, enrolling adult patients treated for HCV GT1 infection with LDV/SOF at clinical sites across Japan.