Recommendations for raloxifene use in daily clinical practice in the Swiss setting.

Background/aim: Raloxifene is the first selective estrogen receptor modulator that has been approved for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women in Europe and in the US. Although raloxifene reduces the risk of invasive breast cancer in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and in postmenopausal women at high risk for invasive breast cancer, it is approved in that indication in the US but not in the EU. The aim was to characterize the clinical profiles of postmenopausal women expected to benefit most from therapy with raloxifene based on published scientific evidence to date.

[Nonselective laparoscopic total hysterectomy in the Regional Hospital of Schafhousen, Switzerland during the period 1999-2002 year].

The authors of the article share their experience with the total laparoscopic hysterectomy. Started from 1992, today they have worked out a standard operation technique, which is used also for teaching. The data in the article include the period from january 1999 to december 2002, during which are made 244 total laparoscopic hysterectomy.

Markers of tumor angiogenesis and proteolysis independently define high- and low-risk subsets of node-negative breast cancer patients.

Purpose: To compare the prognostic impact of tumor angiogenesis factors (vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF], angiogenin, and basic fibroblast growth factor [bFGF]), tumor proteolysis factors (urokinase-type plasminogen activator [uPA] and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 [PAI-1]), and conventional tumor markers (stage, grade, and steroid receptors) in early breast cancer.

Patients And Methods: In the primary clinical study, tumor angiogenesis and other factors were detected in frozen biopsies from 305 primary breast tumors. VEGF expression was assessed by chemiluminescence immunosorbent assay (ICMA); angiogenin, bFGF, uPA, and PAI-1 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); and steroid receptors (estrogen receptor [ER] and progesterone receptor [PgR]) by enzyme immunoassay (EIA).

[Surveillance of hormone replacement therapy].

The prescription of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) requires a pretherapeutic evaluation and an ongoing surveillance during treatment. Pretherapeutic evaluation identifies the indications and contraindications to HRT. It includes a clinical examination, a Papanicolaou smear, and other tests according to the clinical situation.