Structure of the multi-subunit chloroplast RNA polymerase.

Chloroplasts contain a dedicated genome that encodes subunits of the photosynthesis machinery. Transcription of photosynthesis genes is predominantly carried out by a plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP), a nearly 1 MDa complex composed of core subunits with homology to eubacterial RNA polymerases (RNAPs) and at least 12 additional chloroplast-specific PEP-associated proteins (PAPs). However, the architecture of this complex and the functions of the PAPs remain unknown.

Photosynthesis in the Biomass Model Species Displays Plant-Conserved and Species-Specific Features.

are small freshwater plants with extraordinary high growth rates. We aimed to test whether this correlates with a more efficient photosynthesis, the primary energy source for growth. To this end, we compared photosynthesis properties of the duckweed and the terrestrial model plant .

Biogenic signals from plastids and their role in chloroplast development.

Plant seeds do not contain differentiated chloroplasts. Upon germination, the seedlings thus need to gain photoautotrophy before storage energies are depleted. This requires the coordinated expression of photosynthesis genes encoded in nuclear and plastid genomes.

Effectiveness of Light-Quality and Dark-White Growth Light Shifts in Short-Term Light Acclimation of Photosynthesis in .

Photosynthesis needs to run efficiently under permanently changing illumination. To achieve this, highly dynamic acclimation processes optimize photosynthetic performance under a variety of rapidly changing light conditions. Such acclimation responses are acting by a complex interplay of reversible molecular changes in the photosynthetic antenna or photosystem assemblies which dissipate excess energy and balance uneven excitation between the two photosystems.

Defining genome-wide CRISPR-Cas genome-editing nuclease activity with GUIDE-seq.

Genome-wide unbiased identification of double-stranded breaks enabled by sequencing (GUIDE-seq) is a sensitive, unbiased, genome-wide method for defining the activity of genome-editing nucleases in living cells. GUIDE-seq is based on the principle of efficient integration of an end-protected double-stranded oligodeoxynucleotide tag into sites of nuclease-induced DNA double-stranded breaks, followed by amplification of tag-containing genomic DNA molecules and high-throughput sequencing. Here we describe a detailed GUIDE-seq protocol including cell transfection, library preparation, sequencing and bioinformatic analysis.