A metformin add-on clinical study in multiple sclerosis to evaluate brain remyelination and neurodegeneration (MACSiMiSE-BRAIN): study protocol for a multi-center randomized placebo controlled clinical trial.

Introduction: Despite advances in immunomodulatory treatments of multiple sclerosis (MS), patients with non-active progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS) continue to face a significant unmet need. Demyelination, smoldering inflammation and neurodegeneration are important drivers of disability progression that are insufficiently targeted by current treatment approaches. Promising preclinical data support repurposing of metformin for treatment of PMS.

Prominent Enlargement of the Facial Nerve Canal in a Case of a Persistent Stapedial Artery.

Unlabelled: In this case report, we present a 23-year-old patient with complaints of a recurrent plop sound in the left ear. Non-contrast CT and MR imaging revealed an enlargement of the tympanic segment of the facial canal due to venous congestion. A persistent stapedial artery (PSA) and absent foramen spinosum were identified as concomitant factors.

Renal Angiomylipoma with Epithelial Cyst (AMLEC): A Rare Cystic Variant of Angiomyolipoma.

AMLEC is a rare subtype of an angiomyolipoma (AML) and not a primary cystic lesion.

Pneumococcal Meningitis.

Spontaneous, atraumatic pneumocephalus is a rare presentation of pneumococcal meningitis.

Behçet Disease.

Although Behçet disease is a multisystemic and chronic vasculitis, it can be superimposed with a variety of acute vasculitis.