Avian metapneumovirus subtype B in a Northern shoveler () wintering in Italy: implications for the domestic-wild bird interface?

Wild birds sampled in Italy tested for aMPV detection and characterization.aMPV-B found for the first time in a wintering Northern shoveler.Close phylogenetic relationship with aMPV-B strains circulating in Italian poultry.

Validation of an infectious bronchitis virus GVIII-specific RT-PCR assay and first detection of IB80-like strains (lineage GVIII-2) in Italy.

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a pathogen causing respiratory, renal and reproductive clinical forms in chickens of all ages and productive categories. Its proneness to mutation and recombination gave rise to a plethora of variants differing in terms of pathogenicity, antigenicity, and distribution, with relevant implications for disease control, mainly pursued by routine vaccination, and diagnosis, requiring a steady update of molecular and serological methods. Among the most recent additions to the current phylogenetic classification, based on S1 gene sequencing, is the discovery of an eighth genotype (GVIII), further divided into lineages GVIII-1 and GVIII-2.

Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Algeria: Persistent Circulation of Very Virulent Strains in Spite of Control Efforts.

Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is among the most impactful immunosuppressive diseases of poultry. Its agent, infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), is prone to both mutation and reassortment, resulting in a remarkable variability. Traditionally, IBDV characterization relies on antigenicity and pathogenicity assessment, but multiple phylogenetic classifications have been recently proposed, whose implementation in molecular surveys helps generating informative and standardized epidemiological data.

An updated phylogeography and population dynamics of porcine circovirus 2 genotypes: are they reaching an equilibrium?

Introduction: Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) emerged more than three decades ago as one of the most impactful pathogens in the swine industry. Despite being a DNA virus, one of the hallmarks of PCV2 is its high evolutionary rate, which has led to the emergence of different genotypes, each exhibiting varying degrees of evolutionary success. Current knowledge suggests the occurrence of three main waves of genotype dominance, alternating over time (i.