Genomic evidence supporting the clonal expansion of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis bacteria belonging to a rare protoBeijing genotype.

Tuberculosis disease (TB), caused by , is a major public health issue in Thailand. The high prevalence of modern Beijing (Lineage 2.2.

Activity and MIC of Sitafloxacin against Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolated in Thailand.

New fluoroquinolones (FQs) have been shown to be more active against drug-resistant strains than early FQs, such as ofloxacin. Sitafloxacin (STFX) is a new fluoroquinolone with activity against a broad range of bacteria, including This study aimed to determine the activity of STFX against all groups of drug-resistant strains, including multidrug-resistant (MDR ), MDR with quinolone resistance (pre-XDR), and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains. A total of 374 drug-resistant strains were tested for drug susceptibility by the conventional proportion method, and 95 strains were randomly submitted for MIC determination using the microplate alamarBlue assay (MABA).

Role of gyrB Mutations in Pre-extensively and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Thai Clinical Isolates.

DNA gyrase mutations are a major cause of quinolone resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis We therefore conducted the first comprehensive study to determine the diversity of gyrase mutations in pre-extensively drug-resistant (pre-XDR) (n = 71) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) (n = 30) Thai clinical tuberculosis (TB) isolates. All pre-XDR-TB and XDR-TB isolates carried at least one mutation within the quinolone resistance-determining region of GyrA (G88A [1.1%], A90V [17.

Prevalence of Primary HIV Drug Resistance in Thailand Detected by Short Reverse Transcriptase Genotypic Resistance Assay.

Background: HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) is the major cause of treatment failure after scaling up of antiretroviral therapy (ART). HIVDR testing prior to ART initiation is not routinely performed in resource-limited settings. We aimed to assess the prevalence of primary HIVDR by short reverse transcriptase (RT) genotypic resistance assay and evaluate of the impact of the mutations on the treatment outcomes.

Guidelines for antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1 infected adults and adolescents 2014, Thailand.

New evidence has emerged regarding when to commence antiretroviral therapy (ART), optimal treatment regimens, management of HIV co-infection with opportunistic infections, and management of ART failure. The 2014 guidelines were developed by the collaborations of the Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) and the Thai AIDS Society (TAS). One of the major changes in the guidelines included recommending to initiating ART irrespective of CD4 cell count.