Polyfunctional IL-21 IFNG T follicular helper cells contribute to checkpoint inhibitor diabetes mellitus and can be targeted by JAK inhibitor therapy.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionized cancer therapy, but their use is limited by the development of autoimmunity in healthy tissues as a side effect of treatment. Such immune-related adverse events (IrAE) contribute to hospitalizations, cancer treatment interruption and even premature death. ICI-induced autoimmune diabetes mellitus (ICI-T1DM) is a life-threatening IrAE that presents with rapid pancreatic beta-islet cell destruction leading to hyperglycemia and life-long insulin dependence.

Standardized List Evaluating Apnea (SLEAP): A Comprehensive Survey to Define the Quality of Life in OSA.

Objective: To develop and validate a patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) to evaluate the quality of life (QoL) among patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Study Design: A prospective cohort study.

Settings: Tertiary referral center.

Transendoscopic laser ablation of an esophageal plasma cell tumor in a cat.

Case Summary: A 15-year-old male castrated domestic shorthair cat was presented for acute lethargy, vomiting and hyporexia. Abdominal and thoracic radiographs revealed a caudal thoracic/esophageal soft tissue opacity with concern for an esophageal mass or an esophageal foreign body. Esophagoscopy confirmed the presence of a large, irregular, mid-esophageal mass.