Base-modified nucleotides mediate immune signaling in bacteria.

Signaling from pathogen sensing to effector activation is a fundamental principle of cellular immunity. While cyclic (oligo)nucleotides have emerged as key signaling molecules, the existence of other messengers remains largely unexplored. Here, we reveal a bacterial anti-phage system that mediates immune signaling through nucleobase modification.

Do psychrotolerant Patagonian soil yeasts produce 3-indole acetic acid?

Plant growth promoting microorganisms play a substantial role in current plant production practices. Yeasts have shown a promising role in enhancing plant production. We studied the production of indole 3-acetic acid (IAA)-like compounds in three psychrotolerant Patagonian native yeast strains.

Adaptive immunity of type VI CRISPR-Cas systems associated with reverse transcriptase-Cas1 fusion proteins.

Cas13-containing type VI CRISPR-Cas systems specifically target RNA; however, the mechanism of spacer acquisition remains unclear. We have previously reported the association of reverse transcriptase-Cas1 (RT-Cas1) fusion proteins with certain types of VI-A systems. Here, we show that RT-Cas1 fusion proteins are also recruited by type VI-B systems in bacteria from gut microbiomes, constituting a VI-B1 variant system that includes a CorA-encoding locus in addition to the CRISPR array and the RT-Cas1/Cas2 adaptation module.

Treatment patterns and factors associated with adherence in pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Objective: Improving understanding of actual pulmonary hypertension (PH) treatment adherence patterns is crucial to properly treating these patients. We aimed to primarily assess adherence to treatments used for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) specific therapies, identify potential factors related to it and secondly describe its treatment patterns.

Methods: A 6-month observational cross-sectional study in a tertiary care hospital was conducted.

The role of noncoding RNAs in bacterial immunity.

The evolutionary arms race between bacteria and phages has driven the development of diverse anti-phage defense mechanisms. Recent studies have identified noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) as key players in bacteria-phage conflicts, including CRISPR-Cas, toxin-antitoxin (TA), and reverse transcriptase (RT)-based defenses; however, our understanding of their roles in immunity is still emerging. In this review, we explore the multifaceted roles of ncRNAs in bacterial immunity, offering insights into their contributions to defense and anti-defense mechanisms, their influence on immune regulatory networks, and potential biotechnological applications.