Hydroxyurea inhibits proliferation and stimulates apoptosis through inducible nitric oxide synthase in erythroid cells.

Hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide, HU) arrests cells in the S-phase by inhibiting ribonucleotide reductase and DNA synthesis, significantly contributing to the release of nitric oxide (NO). We investigated the involvement of inducible NO synthase (NOS2) in the cytostatic effect of HU using in vitro shRNA-induced knockdown of the NOS2 transcript (NOS2) or a specific NOS2 inhibitor (1400W) in human erythroleukemic HEL92.1.

Immunomodulatory effects of HYCO-3, a dual action CO-releaser/Nrf2 activator.

HYCOs are hybrid molecules consisting of activators of the transcription factor Nrf2 conjugated to carbon monoxide (CO)-releasing moieties. These "dual action" compounds have been designed to mimic the activity of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a stress inducible cytoprotective enzyme that degrades heme to CO which expression is regulated by Nrf2. HYCOs have recently shown efficacy in ameliorating experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis.

Melatonin Mediates Cardiac Tissue Damage under Septic Conditions Induced by Lipopolysaccharide.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is known to induce oxidative stress and inflammation, leading to significant damage in cardiac tissues. This study investigates the protective effects of melatonin (MLT) against LPS-induced oxidative damage, inflammation, and apoptosis in rat heart tissue. Rats were divided into four groups ( = 6 per group): control, melatonin-treated, LPS-treated, and LPS + melatonin-treated.

Wave propagation in tailored metastructures consisting of elastic beams and rigid bodies.

This paper presents a study of wave propagation through an infinite periodic structure that consists of elastic Timoshenko beams interconnected with rigid bodies. This is a generalized approach in which the beams are not coaxial and the centre of mass of each rigid body is placed away from the intersection of their neutral axes. An analytical approach is used by applying the transfer matrix method (TMM), along with the Floquet-Bloch theorem for elastic wave propagation.