A Comparison of Study Behaviors and Metacognitive Evaluation Used by Biology Students.

Student-study behaviors and metacognition are predictors of student-academic success. However, student metacognitive evaluation of their own study habit behavior use has been largely unexplored. To address this gap, we gave students enrolled in three different Biology courses ( = 1140) a survey that asked them to identify the study behaviors used to prepare for their first and third exams and to appraise the effectiveness of each behavior.

aPKC phosphorylation of HDAC6 results in increased deacetylation activity.

The Class II histone deacetylase, HDAC6, has been shown to be involved in cell motility, aggresome formation and mitochondria transport. HDAC6 deacetylase activity regulates α-tubulin acetylation levels and thus plays a critical role in these processes. In turn, HDAC6 activity can be regulated by interaction with various proteins including multiple kinases.

Use of the Open Field Maze to measure locomotor and anxiety-like behavior in mice.

Animal models have proven to be invaluable to researchers trying to answer questions regarding the mechanisms of behavior. The Open Field Maze is one of the most commonly used platforms to measure behaviors in animal models. It is a fast and relatively easy test that provides a variety of behavioral information ranging from general ambulatory ability to data regarding the emotionality of the subject animal.

Interaction of SQSTM1 with the motor protein dynein--SQSTM1 is required for normal dynein function and trafficking.

The dynein motor protein complex is required for retrograde transport of vesicular cargo and for transport of aggregated proteins along microtubules for processing and degradation at perinuclear aggresomes. Disruption of this process leads to dysfunctional endosome accumulation and increased protein aggregation in the cell cytoplasm, both pathological features of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the exact mechanism of dynein functionality in these pathways is still being elucidated.

SQSTM1/p62 interacts with HDAC6 and regulates deacetylase activity.

Protein aggregates can form in the cytoplasm of the cell and are accumulated at aggresomes localized to the microtubule organizing center (MTOC) where they are subsequently degraded by autophagy. In this process, aggregates are engulfed into autophagosomes which subsequently fuse with lysosomes for protein degradation. A member of the class II histone deacetylase family, histone deacetylase 6(HDAC6) has been shown to be involved in both aggresome formation and the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes making it an attractive target to regulate protein aggregation.