On the consequences of childbirth: obstetrics/gynaecology, comparative anatomy and racial theories in 19th century France and Brazil.

The following paper is centred on an analysis of comparative studies of the human pelvis developed over the 19th century by mostly French natural scientists, physical anthropologists, students of the human anatomy and doctors engaged in the initial stages of the emerging fields of gynaecology and obstetrics. As this paper will argue, there was considerable overlap between these specialisations, producing a fundamentally masculine, Eurocentric and racialised knowledge that had an enormous impact in establishing racially informed gynaecological and obstetric practices. This paper argues that comparative pelvic anatomy studies originated from the belief that African and Black women had specifically different pelves and genitalia and served to stratify women of different races and promoted racially oriented obstetric and gynaecological treatments.

Morphometric Investigation of a Species Complex in Section Series (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae).

series was created by Barneby in 1991, embracing species diagnosed by their small subshrubby habit and the presence of gland-tipped setae and trimerous flowers. Most species are endemic to Northeastern Brazil, and some possess characters deemed diagnostic which nonetheless overlap, making species identification difficult. Our study aimed to test species circumscriptions and sets of characters that could be applied to unequivocally distinguish the species.

Pharmacokinetics of remimazolam, midazolam and diazepam in sheep.

Objective: To model pharmacokinetics of three benzodiazepines and their metabolites in sheep.

Study Design: A nonblinded, prospective, experimental study.

Animals: A group of six adult Hampshire-Suffolk cross-bred sheep (three females, three castrated males), 73 ± 3 kg (mean ± standard deviation).

Incidental Mucinous Neoplasms of the Pancreas: Performance of the AGA, European, and IAP Guidelines in Advising Further Management after Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle Aspiration Biopsy.

Objectives: We compared the performance of AGA-2015, ESG-2018, and IAP-2024 guidelines in referring patients for surgery versus surveillance when applied to incidental after diagnosis by EUS-FNA.

Methods: Single-center, retrospective study with prospective data collection. PLs identified incidentally on CT or MRI/MRCP performed for other diseases with inconclusive imaging results were eligible for analysis.

Expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-2 in pituitary tumors and their relationship with cavernous sinus invasion.

Objective: To evaluate the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) in pituitary tumors and investigate their correlation with circulating plasma proteins and cavernous sinus invasion. In addition, the Ki-67 index was also assessed.

Methods: Seventy-four patients (37 females) with pituitary adenomas were included, with preoperative peripheral blood collected in 29 cases.